Heat Waves Amplify the Urban Canopy Heat Island in Brno, Czechia

This study used homogenised mean, maximum, and minimum daily temperatures from 12 stations located in Brno, Czechia, during the 2011–2020 period to analyse heat waves (HW) their impact on canopy urban island (UHI). HWs were recognized as at least three consecutive days with Tx ≥ 30 °C urban–rural intra-urban differences measures analysed. To express contribution UHI, we calculated UHI intensities (UHII) separately outside of determine magnitude (HM). Our results show that all HW are significantly higher areas. UHII is mostly positive, average 0.65 °C; however, day-time clearly greater (1.93 °C). Furthermore, amplified HWs, since HM almost 0.5 LCZ 2 it even 0.9 °C. Land use parameters correlate well night, but not day, indicating other factors can affect air temperature extremity. Considering a long-term context, extremity has been increasing recently region, together frequency circulation types favour occurrence last decade mainly contributed this increase.